Doctors have to know when they are permitted and when they are mandated to disclose Protected Health Information. If the urine test was court mandated no permission is necessary. If the positive test was an incidental finding and not affecting "Pubic Interest" it can't be reported. Disclosure is permitted without needing the patient's consent under "Public Interest and Benefit Activities." If the hospital or doctor believes that a specific condition like safety of a child is involved, they may pass on limited information while "striking the balance between the individual privacy interest and the public interest need for this information." hhs.gov

Theodore Christou